Cover Image

Cementing material from rice husk-broken bricks-spent bleaching earth-dried calcium carbide residue

Muthengia Jackson Wachira, Muthakia Gerald Kanyago, Thiong'o Joseph Karanja

Abstract


A cementious material, coded CSBR (Carbide residue Spent bleaching earth Broken bricks and Rice husks), was made from dried calcium carbide residue (DCCR) and an incinerated mix of rice husks (RH), broken bricks (BB) and spent bleaching earth (SBE). Another material, coded SBR (Spent bleaching earth Broken bricks and Rice husk ash), was made from mixing separately incinerated RH, SBE and ground BB in the same ash ratio as in CSBR. When CSBR was inter-ground with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), it showed a continued decrease in Ca(OH)2 in the hydrating cement as a function of curing time and replacement levels of the cement. Up to 45 % replacement of the OPC by CSBR produced a Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) material that passed the relevant Kenyan Standard. Incorporation of the CSBR in OPC reduces the resultant calcium hydroxide from hydrating Portland cement. The use of the waste materials in production of cementitious material would rid the environment of wastes and lead to production of low cost cementitious material.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Jaturapitakkul C, Roongreung B. Cementing Material from Calcium Carbide Residue - Rice Husks Ash. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2003;15:470-75.

John JM. Inorganic Chemicals Handbook. New York: Marcle Dekker; 1993.

Muthakia GK, wa-Thiong’o JK, Muthengia JW. Cementing Material from Acetylene Lime Sludge-Broken Bricks. East African Journal of Physical Sciences 2005;6(1):13-19.

Habert G, Choupay N, Montel JM, Guillaume D, Escadeillas G. Effects of the Secondary Minerals of the Natural Pozzolans on their Pozzolanic Activity. Cement and Concrete Research, 2008, 38(7), 963 - 975.

Fernandez R, Martirena F, Scrivener KL.. The Origin of the Pozzolanic Activity of Calcined Clay Minerals: A Comparison Between Kaolinite, Illite and Montmorillonite. Cement and Concrete Research 2011; 41(1), 113 - 122.

Muthengia JW. Low Cost Pozzolana Based Cement from Industrial and Agricultural Waste Materials, Nairobi: Kenyatta University; 2003.

Muthengia JW, wa-Thiong'o JK, Muthakia GK. Spent Bleaching Earth as a Pozzolanic Material. Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice 2005;2(1):15-21.

Chopra SK. Utilisation of Rice Husk For Making Cement and Cement Like Binders. Paper presented at: Rice Husk Ash Proceed. UNIDO/ESACAP/RCTT/PCSIR Joint Workshop, 1979; Peshawar.

Tuan VN, Van Breugel G, Copuroglu O. Hydration and Microstructure of Ultra High Performance Concrete Incorporating Rice Husk Ash. Cement and Concrete Research 2011; 41(11), 1104 - 1111.

Nair DG, Fraaij A, Klaassen AA K, Kentgens APM. A Structural Investigation Relating to the Pozzolanic Activity of Rice Husk Ashes. Cement and Concrete Research 2008, 38(6), 861 - 869.

ASTM. Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolanas for Use with Lime, No. 593, Part C: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1991.

Kenya Bureau of Standards. Kenya Standard Specification for Portland Pozzolana Cements; KS 02 1263. Nairobi; 1993.

Taylor HFW. Cement Chemistry. London: Taylor and Thomas Telford Services LTD; 1997.

Ampadu KO, Torii K. Chloride Ingress and Steel Corrosion in Cement Mortars Incorporating Low-Quality Fly Ashes. Cement and Concrete Research 2002;32(6):893-901.

Bonakdar A, Mobasher B, Chawla N. Diffusivity and Micro-Hardness of Blended Cement Materials Exposed to External Sulfate Attack. Cement and Concrete Composites 2012, 34(1), 76 - 85.

Taylor HFW. Discussion, Sulfate Attack Mechanisms. Materials Science of Concrete Special Volume American Ceramic Society, 1999;Special Volume:33-34.

Diamond S. Long-Term Status of Calcium Hydroxide Saturation of Pore Solutions in Hardened Cements. Cement and Concrete Research 1975;5(6):607-16.

Diamond S. Effects of two Danish Flyashes on Alkali Contents of Pore Solutions of Cement-Flyash Pastes. Cement and Concrete Research 1981;11(3):383 - 194.

Byfors K. Influence of Silica Fume and Flyash on Chloride Diffusion and pH Values in Cement Paste. Cement and Concrete Research 1987;17(1):115 - 30.

Arya C, Buenfeld NR, Newman JB. Factors Influencing Chloride-Binding in Concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 1990;20(2):291-300.

Sagoe-Crenstsil KK, Glasser FP. ''Green Rust'', Iron Solubility and the Role of Chloride in the Corrosion of Steel at High pH. Cement and Concrete Research 1993;23(4):785-91.

International Standard for Organisation (ISO). Cement-Test-Methods-Pozzolanicity Test for Pozzolanic Cements, ISO 863: 1990 (E). Switzerland; 1990.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc.2.2.2012.02.10.20

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2015 Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry